http://hdl.handle.net/1813/478 Fri, 24 May 2013 20:57:51 GMT 2013-05-24T20:57:51Z http://ecommons.library.cornell.edu:80/retrieve/116499/3214.jpg http://hdl.handle.net/1813/478 http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33323 Title: A discussion of keratitis pigmentosa Authors: Bo, Howard A. Abstract: Keratitis pigmentosa or pigmentary keratitis is a chronic disease of the cornea, either inflammatory or degenerative and characterized by a brownish or black pigment deposit within the layers of this membrane. It is essentially a deep vascular or parenchymatous keratitis accompanied by an infiltration of melanin within the substance of the cornea. This disease is fairly common in the dog, especially the black, and also in the Pug, Pekingese, Japanese Spaniel, English Bulldog, Griffon, French Poodle and occasionally in other breeds, especially if treated as pets and confined to the home. [This case involves a five year old black French Poodle that was brought into the clinic on January 24th, 1951.....] Mon, 01 Jan 1951 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33323 1951-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33313 Title: A case of congenital splenophrenic portosystemic shunt in a one year old intact female Shih Tzu Authors: Neron, Jaclyn Abstract: A one year old intact female Shih tzu was referred for a suspected portosystemic shunt after increased liver enzymes were discovered during an elective ovariohysterectomy preoperative assessment. Surgery was postponed and the dog was referred for ultrasonographic imaging; findings were suggestive of a single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Upon referral to the internal medicine service at Cornell, physical examination disclosed a BCS of 4/9 and retained deciduous teeth. History of intermittent diarrhea and “bilious” vomiting was described and occurrence of neuroencephalopathic signs was denied. Diagnostic clinicopathologic assessments and Computed Tomography (CT) with angiography were completed. The hemogram was unremarkable. The biochemical profile disclosed increased activities of ALT and GGT, and increased concentration of serum bile acids. A Protein C (PC) activity was within normal limits. The CT angiogram disclosed a splenophrenic shunt, a liver judged to be of normal size, and portal venous branches perfusing the right and left liver lobes. Short term medical treatment was provided and shunt ligation surgery was scheduled in a month. Ovariohysterectomy and surgical ligation of the portosystemic shunt were completed without complications. Intra-operative pre- and post-ligation portogram were performed confirming complete ligation of the anomalous vasculature and normal hepatic portal venous perfusion. A liver biopsy submitted for histopathology, aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture, and metal quantification disclosed changes consistent with portal hypoperfusion, typical of congenital portosystemic shunting. Mild copper accumulation in zone 3 hepatocytes was also described. Two bacterial organisms were grown from the liver cultures: an E. coli and Streptococcus sp. Presence of eosinophils in left liver lobe portal tracts and positive bacterial cultures suggested a possible showering of the liver from the gastrointestinal tract secondary to concurrent bowel inflammation. Unfortunately, there was no suspicion of enteric inflammation at the time of surgery and the intestines were not biopsied. An antibiotic (Cephalexin) was prescribed to treat the confirmed bacterial infection. On re-evaluation one month after shunt ligation, episodic vomiting and diarrhea had resolved and all liver enzymes had returned to the normal reference range. Wed, 08 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33313 2013-05-08T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33312 Title: Saddle thrombus in a Holstein bull calf Authors: Denmark, Lonnie E. Abstract: A 2.5 week old Holstein bull calf was presented with two other bull calves to the Cornell University Equine and Farm Animal Hospital as part of a herd outbreak investigation of infectious diarrhea in January 2013. This calf also had a history of being found acutely down. Initially the mentation and fluid volume status of the calf improved with supportive care. However, the calf continued to be recumbent in the face of aggressive treatment and the condition of the pelvic limbs deteriorated over two days until there was a palpable temperature difference between the distal thoracic and pelvic limbs and there was no motor function in the pelvic limbs. The hoof capsules of the pelvic limbs became cyanotic. Lactate concentration was measured in a venous sample from the right distal thoracic limb (1.2 mg/dL, reference interval, 0.9-1.7 mmol/L) and compared to a venous sample from the right distal pelvic limb (3.7 mg/dL, reference interval, 0.9-1.7 mmol/L) as an evaluation for saddle thrombosis. The differential lactate concentrations were interpreted to indicate that there was significant compromise to the blood supply of the pelvic limbs, supporting a diagnosis of saddle thrombus. Saddle thrombus is a common term used to refer to thromboembolism at the level of the aortic trifurcation. The suspected cause of the saddle thrombus in this calf was sepsis secondard to Escherichia coli infection. Wed, 08 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33312 2013-05-08T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33311 Title: Otitis media and interna with extension into the cranial cavity in a cat Authors: Krebs, Timothy Abstract: A 3-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was referred to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals (CUHA) Emergency Service for evaluation after a 2-week history of a worsening head tilt, severe ataxia, lethargy, unilateral facial nerve paralysis, and a 2-day history of anorexia and adipsia. Neurologic deficits and obtundation localized the lesion to his brainstem. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large contrast enhancing lesion extending from the right middle and inner ear into the caudal fossa causing deviation of the brainstem laterally. There was also evidence of mild cerebellar herniation and otitis media and interna bilaterally. The cat was started on broad spectrum antibiotics and underwent bilateral tympanic bulla osteotomies. He did well post-operatively and was discharged 8 days after admission with dramatic improvement. Multiple rechecks and a repeat MRI revealed continued improvement in the months postoperatively. The diagnostic workup, treatment, and prognosis of this cat’s brainstem lesion will be discussed. Mon, 08 Apr 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33311 2013-04-08T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33310 Title: When the bleeding won't stop: Hemangiosarcoma in a horse Authors: Rubin, Shira Abstract: Hemangiosarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm in horses that often presents with non-specific signs and is rarely diagnosed antemortem.1 This paper summarizes the case of a horse with disseminated hemangiosarcoma for which a presumptive antemortem diagnosis was made less than 24 hours after admission to Cornell University’s Equine and Farm Animal Hospital based on cytology. The characteristic clinical presentation, most common diagnostic findings, and outcomes of surgical treatment of horses with hemangiosarcoma are reviewed. Wed, 08 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33310 2013-05-08T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33309 Title: Dysphagia in a horse Authors: Huggler, Kate E. Abstract: This report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a 9 year old Thoroughbred gelding that presented to the Cornell University Equine Hospital with excessive coughing following a prosthetic laryngoplasty (tie-back) surgery. The horse in this report had a one-year history of making upper respiratory noise during exercise, was diagnosed with left laryngeal hemiplegia by the referring veterinarian (rDVM), and subsequently a laryngoplasty was performed. Post-operatively, the gelding displayed uncontrollable coughing episodes, which progressed over time. He was referred to the Cornell University Equine Hospital for persistent coughing and aspiration. Following a diagnostic work-up, the patient was diagnosed with dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia. In addition to medical treatment for pneumonia, the gelding received left vocal fold injections with RADIESSE® Voice, calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) microspheres, as a novel treatment for dysphagia. Wed, 01 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33309 2013-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33308 Title: Idiopathic chylothorax in a 2 year old Bullmastiff Authors: Dahar, Jennie Abstract: Chylothorax is an uncommon condition characterized by an accumulation of chylous effusion within the pleural space. A majority of the time, the underlying disorder generating the effusion cannot be characterized. Chylothorax is attributed to either an error with the integrity of the thoracic duct itself (increased permeability, blind ended lymphatics, structural abnormalities of the wall) or due to increased venous pressure. Once all possible etiologies have been eliminated, the diagnosis of idiopathic chylothorax is made. Medical treatment for this condition is generally unrewarding and various surgical options have been attempted with varying success. Through a case study, the emergency presentation, diagnosis, as well as medical and surgical treatment options for chylothorax will be examined in detail with a detailed look at the procedure for thoracic duct ligation. Wed, 01 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33308 2013-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33307 Title: A case of respiratory distress in a cat Authors: Kirsch, Meghan Abstract: A seven-year-old, castrated male, domestic shorthair cat was referred to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals' (CUHA) Emergency Service with a two-week history of intermittent respiratory distress and lethargy. The referring veterinarian had initially managed the patient by administering dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.007 mg/kg IM), and performing thoracic radiographs, which demonstrated a mass near the larynx. Unfortunately, over the next 24 hours the patient’s clinical signs worsened and resulted in his being presented to the Emergency Service. On initial presentation the patient was in overt respiratory distress with moderately increased respiratory rate and expiratory effort, orthopnea and inspiratory stridor. All other vital parameters were within normal limits. Other significant findings on physical exam included a palpable mass on the ventral aspect of the patient’s neck. Emergency stabilization included the administration of oxygen therapy and butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg IM), and serial evaluation of vital parameters. Following stabilization, diagnostic procedures included oral examination, computed tomography, surgical exploration, and cytological evaluation of fine needle mass aspirates. This report will focus on the clinical approach to a patient that is presented in respiratory distress, causes of upper airway distress, and diagnostic evaluation following initial stabilization of the patient. Wed, 01 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33307 2013-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33306 Title: Epiglottal osseous metaplasia and presumptive hypertrophic osteopathy: Two unusual post-mortem findings in free-ranging wolves Authors: Haynes, Ellen Abstract: One adult female Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) and one adult female Red Wolf (Canis lupus rufus) presented to the National Wildlife Health Center in November 2012 for necropsy. The older female Gray Wolf had elevations in the epiglottic cartilage, penetrating thoracic trauma, and gritty foci in the lungs. Histology of the epiglottis revealed foci of ossification in the elastic cartilage layer. Both the epiglottal and lung lesions were classified as osseous metaplasia. The cause of death was penetrating thoracic trauma, presumptively from intraspecific aggression. Necropsy findings on the Red Wolf, a 4.5 year old female, included bony nodules bilaterally on the medial radii and lateral metatarsals, a heavy burden of heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis) in the right heart and caudal vena cava, subcutaneous hemorrhage along the left neck and thorax, and heavy scavenging of the abdomen. Radiographs and histology revealed periosteal new bone formation at the bony lesions. Blunt trauma was the presumptive cause of death, with incidental hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to heartworm disease. Wed, 01 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33306 2013-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33305 Title: Balloon-dilated, nasopharyngeal, covered stent placement in a 1.5 year old Shetland Sheepdog Authors: Sommer, Shoshana P. Abstract: A Shetland Sheepdog was diagnosed with acquired nasopharyngeal stenosis after exhibiting upper respiratory tract signs following laparoscopic ovariectomy, during which she regurgitated gastric contents into her nasal cavity. Extensive imaging and balloon-dilated, nasopharyngeal, covered stent placement were performed. Subsequent stent failure and loss necessitated a second procedure, during which surgical entrance through the palate and debridement of scar tissue was followed by placement of a new metallic covered stent. A return of mild signs several weeks later necessitated antibiotic treatment for a suspected bacterial infection. Resolution of signs was briefly achieved, but relapse prompted prescription of additional antibiotics, with the final outcome still unclear. The course of events suggests that severe acquired nasopharyngeal stenosis may require aggressive and multi-faceted approach to facilitate successful treatment. Thu, 24 Apr 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33305 2014-04-24T00:00:00Z