Quantification of Integrity

Abstract

Three integrity measures are introduced: contamination, channel suppression, and program suppression. Contamination is a measure of how much untrusted information reaches trusted outputs; it is the dual of leakage, which is a measure of information-flow confidentiality. Channel suppression is a measure of how much information about inputs to a noisy channel is missing from channel outputs. And program suppression is a measure of how much information about the correct output of a program is lost because of attacker influence and implementation errors. Program and channel suppression do not have confidentiality duals. As a case study, the relationship between quantitative integrity, confidentiality, and database privacy is examined.